Re: ¿ Como se bautizó en agua el carcelero de Filipos ?
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Continuamos con la campaña educacional para pastores como Dagoberto Juan, que lleva pastoreando 35 años, y hasta hoy cree que el rito del bautismo en agua que practicó Juan en su ministerio, fue novedad en sus días. Si, así andan las cosas con estos pastores mi compai . Si el pastor es así, ¿como serán las ovejitas?
Background del rito del bautismo de Juan. El bautismo de los prosélitos.
3. The Reception of Proselytes.
In Rabb. writings the reception of proselytes is called [FONT="]קבל[/FONT], <sup>119</sup> [FONT="]קרב תחת כנפי השכינה[/FONT]<sup>120</sup> and [FONT="]נכנס לברית[/FONT]. The rite consists of three parts: circumcision, baptism, and the offering of a sacrifice in the temple.<sup>121</sup>
a. Circumcision [FONT="]מילה[/FONT] (→ 74, 30 ff.) as the oldest and decisive part is presupposed already in the OT, → 729, 21 ff. It applies only to males.
b. There is in the Rabb. writings no express account of the age, original meaning, or most ancient form of proselyte baptism ([FONT="]טבילה[/FONT]) → I, 535, 23 ff.<sup>122</sup> To-day the oldest historical instance is usually found<sup>123</sup> in the controversy between the followers of Shammai and Hillel about the admission of a new proselyte to the Passover, Pes., 8, 8; cf. Ed., 5, 2. Acc. to the school of Shammai a non-Jew who has become a proselyte the evening before the Passover must take a bath ([FONT="]טבל[/FONT]) and may then take part. But acc. to the school of Hillel such a proselyte may not take part, since the degree of his impurity (as a former Gentile) is equal to that of one made unclean by contact with a grave, and hence (acc. to Nu. 19:16) he may cleanse himself only after 7 days (from his conversion).
Thus proselyte baptism is regarded as a setting aside of the cultlc impurity attaching to him as a former pagan. C. 90 a.d. it was the dominant view of Rabb. scholars that both circumcision and baptism were indispensable for the reception of a proselyte.
This view was contested by R. Jehoshua b. Chananiah but definitively established by R. Eliezer b. Hyrcanos on the basis of Ex. 19:10 (where the people are commanded to wash their clothes).<sup>124</sup> In the reign of Hadrian baptism had become a fixed rite of admission, as in the contemporary<sup>125</sup> ritual in b. Jeb., 46b Bar. (par. Gerim, 1). There is here no ref. to the washing having the character of cultic purification.<sup>126</sup> It is a legal act of reception into the religious fellowship of Judaism. It must take place in the presence of three witnesses<sup>127</sup> and instruction must be given in the Torah. Cf. also b. Jeb., 46b, which says that it must be administered by day, i.e., it has a public character.<sup>128</sup> In later testimonies, too, circumcision and baptism are the established rites of admission. Cf. b. Jeb., 46b (end of the 3rd cent.): One is a proselyte only when one has been circumcised and received baptism.<sup>129</sup>
In Rabbi (end of the 2nd cent.) and then in the Talmud generally the following basis is laid down for baptism along with circumcision and an offering: As the Israelites in the wilderness had to fulfil three conditions before the conclusion of the covenant, namely, circumcision (cf. Ex. 12:48), sprinkling with water (Ex. 19:10) and an offering (Ex. 24:5), so proselytes must fulfil the same three conditions on entering the covenant.<sup>130</sup>
Expressed here is the thought that a proselyte is an Israelite in every respect: “As the full (Israelite) citizen is a member of the covenant ([FONT="]בן ברית[/FONT]), so, too, a proselyte is a member of the covenant.”<sup>131</sup>
c. An offering ([FONT="]הרעייה[/FONT]) had to be made in the temple by every convert to Judaism. This condition lapsed with the destruction of the Jerusalem temple.<sup><sup>[FONT="][1][/FONT]</sup></sup>
[FONT="] [/FONT]
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%">
Rabb. Rabbis,
<sup>119</sup> E.g., Gerim, 1, 1; 1, 2.
<sup>120</sup> Acc. to Rt. 2:12, cf. Lv. r., 2 (134b), Str.-B., I, 927.
<sup>121</sup> All three together, e.g., S. Nu., 108 on 15:14; cf. Moore, I, 331, n. 5.
OT Old Testament.
Rabb. Rabbis,
<sup>122</sup> Moore, I, 332.
<sup>123</sup> E.g., Schürer, III, 183; Billerbeck (Str.-B., I, 102); Jeremias,
Jerusalem, 196; T. F. Torrance, “Proselyte Baptism,” NTSt, 1 (1954 f.), 154; G. Beer,
Pesachim (1912), 176. Cf. also T. M. Taylor, “The Beginnings of Jewish Proselyte Baptism,” NTSt, 2 (1955 f.), 193–198.
Pes. Pesachim, Mishnah-, Tosefta-, Talmud tractate
The Passover (Strack,
Einl., 39).
Ed. Edujot, Mishnah-, Tosefta-, Talmud tractate
Witnesses (later teachers on older authorities) (Strack,
Einl., 53).
C. circa.
Rabb. Rabbis,
R. Rabbi.
b. ben, when between the personal and family names of rabbis.
R. Rabbi.
b. ben, when between the personal and family names of rabbis.
<sup>124</sup> b. Jeb.;, 46b;
v. Str.-B., I, 107.
<sup>125</sup> The dating rests on ref. to persecutions for the sake of circumcision.
b. Babylonian Talmud when before tractates from the Mishnah.
Jeb. Jebamot, Mishnah-, Tosefta-, Talmud tractate
Marriage of those related by Marriage (Strack,
Einl., 45).
par. parallel.
<sup>126</sup> So also Moore, I, 334.
<sup>127</sup> The “fathers of baptism,” b. Jeb., 47a etc.
b. Babylonian Talmud when before tractates from the Mishnah.
Jeb. Jebamot, Mishnah-, Tosefta-, Talmud tractate
Marriage of those related by Marriage (Strack,
Einl., 45).
<sup>128</sup> Cf. Torrance,
op. cit., 151.
b. Babylonian Talmud when before tractates from the Mishnah.
Jeb. Jebamot, Mishnah-, Tosefta-, Talmud tractate
Marriage of those related by Marriage (Strack,
Einl., 45).
<sup>129</sup> Cf. also b. AZ, 59a.
<sup>130</sup> b. Kerethoth, 81a;
v. Str.-B., I, 107.
<sup>131</sup> S. Lv., 17, 15 (Perek, 12) in Moore, I, 334.
<sup><sup>[FONT="][1][/FONT]</sup></sup> Theological dictionary of the New Testament. 1964- (G. Kittel, G. W. Bromiley & G. Friedrich, Ed.) (electronic ed.). Vol. 6 (738–739). Eerdmans: Grand Rapids, MI