Corban
κορβᾶν indecl. (edd. also-άν; קָרְבָּן) Hebr. word, explained by the notation ὅ ἐστι δῶρον (transl. corresp. to the LXX Lev 2:1, 4, 12, 13) someth. consecrated as a gift for God and closed to ordinary human use, gift to God, corban (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 73 of the Nazirites οἱ κορβᾶν αὑτοὺς ὀνομάσαντες τῷ θεῷ, δῶρον δὲ τοῦτο σημαίνει κατὰ Ἑλλήνων γλῶτταν, C. Ap. 1, 167; for Heb. ins s. Fitzmyer, below) Mk 7:11 (cp. κορβανᾶς). On this subject cp. Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 16f; Billerb. I 711ff; Dalman, Gramm.2 174, 3; HOrt, De verbintenissen met ‘Korban’: TT 37, 1903, 284–314; JHart, Corban: JQR 19, 1907, 615–50; HLaible, Korban: Allg. Ev.-Luth. Kirchenzeitung 54, 1921, 597ff; 613ff; MBlack, Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 139; HHommel, D. Wort Korban u. seine Verwandten: Philologus 98, ’54, 132–49; JFitzmyer, JBL 78, ’59, 60–65=Essays on the Semitic Background of the NT ’71, 93–100; SZeitlin, JQR 53, ’62, 160–63.—TW
κορβανᾶς , ᾶ, ὁ (קָרְבָּן; Aram. קָרְבָּנָא; s. B-D-F §58;= γαζοφυλακεῖον) temple treasury (Jos., Bell. 2, 175 ἱερὸς θησαυρός, καλεῖται δὲ κορβωνᾶς.—Dalman, Gramm.2 174, 3) εἰς τὸν κ. βάλλειν put into the temple treasury Mt 27:6 (vv.ll. κορβάν, κορβονᾶν; on the legal fiction cp. Mishnah: Erubin).—TW.
A
GREEK-ENGLISH
LEXICON
of the
NEW TESTAMENT
and Other
EARLY CHRISTIAN
LITERATURE
——— THIRD EDITION———
(BDAG)
revised and edited by
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based on
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Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des
Neuen Testaments und der frühchristlichen Literatur, sixth edition,
ed. Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, with Viktor Reichmann
and on previous English editions
by W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker
53.22 κορβᾶν (a borrowing from Hebrew): that which has been set aside as a gift to be given later to God, but which is still at the disposal of the owner—‘gift to God, offering, corban.’ ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε, Ἐὰν εἴπῃ ἄνθρωπος τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, Κορβᾶν … οὐκέτι ἀφίετε αὐτὸν οὐδὲν ποιῆσαι τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί ‘you teach that if a person says to his father or mother, This is corban … he is excused from helping his father or mother’ Mk 7.11–12. In some languages it is important to translate ‘corban’ as ‘what I have promised to later give to God.’
7.33 κορβανᾶς, ᾶ m; γαζοφυλάκιονa, ου n: a room in the Temple used as a treasury—‘treasury, Temple treasury.’
κορβανᾶς: οὐκ ἔξεστιν βαλεῖν αὐτὰ εἰς τὸν κορβανᾶν, ἐπεὶ τιμὴ αἵματός ἐστιν ‘this is blood money, and it is against our Law to put it in the Temple treasury’ Mt 27.6.
GREEK-ENGLISH
LEXICON
of the
NEW TESTAMENT
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Second Edition
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Introduction
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Domains
Johannes P. Louw
and
Eugene A. Nida
Editor
s
korbán [gift], korbanás [temple treasury]
1. korbán is the loanword from the Hebrew. It is a technical term which Josephus explains as referring to advantages that accrue from the dedication of oneself to God (Antiquities 4.72-73). The form korbanás denotes the temple treasury as the repository of what is offered as korbán (Jewish War 2.175).
2. korbán in the OT and Later Judaism. In the OT korbán is “what is offered,” more particularly to God (cf. Num. 7:3). All kinds of offerings, not just sacrifices, are included. We find the same general use in later Judaism, but now the term is also a vow formula when something is offered to God, either in sacrifice or by a transfer of use, i.e., a withdrawal from secular use and control.
The “something” may be objects, foods, etc., but it may also be individuals or groups or even the whole people. It does not mean that the people or objects are made over to the temple but simply that they are subject to a transfer of control. korbán may take the form of personal renunciation but it may also be a means of denying to others the use of one’s person or possessions (whether to exert pressure, to take revenge, or to inflict injury).
It can thus lead to a breach of relations even within the marriage or family, and in view of the simplicity but drastic consequences of the process the rabbis try to find ways to reverse the vow or to soften the consequences, though the date of such efforts is much disputed.
THEOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
OF THE
NEW TESTAMENT
edited by Gerhard Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich
translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley
2878 κορβᾶν, κορβανᾶς [korban, korbanas /kor•ban/] n m. Of Hebrew and Aramaic origin respectively 7133; TDNT 3:860; TDNTA 459; GK 3167 and 3168; Two occurrences; AV translates as “treasury” once, and “corban” once. 1 a gift offered (or to be offered) to God. 2 the sacred treasury.
Enhanced
Strong’s Lexicon
Mark 7:11
RSV/TEV COMPARISON
but you say, 'If a man tells his father or his mother, What you would have gained from me is Corban' (that is, given to God) —
korban (only here in the N. T.; cf. korbanas Matt 27:16) 'a gift': the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew KarBan 'offering.' The word indicates a gift consecrated to God which could not, therefore, be used for any other purpose. As Black (Aramaic, 101) points out, the meaning is not that such things really had been dedicated as an offering to God but were to be considered as such: cf. Lagrange: cf. Manson Teaching, 315-19.
(from the UBS New Testament Handbook Series. Copyright © 1961-1997, by United Bible Societies.)
Corban (korban o estin dwron). See on "Mt 15:5". Mark preserves the Hebrew word for a gift or offering to God (Exodus 21:17; Leviticus 20:9), indeclinable here, meaning gift (dwron), but declinable korbanaß in Matthew 27:6, meaning sacred treasury.
Robertson's Word Pictures of the New Testament
2878
κορβᾶν. indecl. Corbán, término hebreo. Ofrenda apartada para Dios: Mr. 7:11.
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